隨著炎熱的夏天的到來和頻繁的變速器問題，許多車主都在問是什么導致了變速器的故障。自動變速箱維修相對于手動變速箱而出現(xiàn)的一種能夠自動根據(jù)汽車車速和發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速來進行自動換擋操縱的變速裝置。目前汽車自動變速箱常見的有四種型式，分別是液力自動變速箱(AT)、機械無級自動變速箱(CVT)、電控機械自動變速箱(AMT)和雙離合自動變速箱。
With the arrival of hot summer and frequent transmission problems, many car owners are asking what causes the transmission failure. Compared with manual transmission, automatic transmission maintenance is a kind of transmission device which can shift automatically according to vehicle speed and engine speed. At present, there are four common types of automobile automatic transmission, which are hydraulic automatic transmission (at), mechanical continuously variable transmission (CVT), electronically controlled mechanical automatic transmission (AMT) and dual clutch automatic transmission.
變速箱維修起步、怠速停車、低速或高速行駛、加速、減速、爬坡和倒車等，這就要求汽車的驅(qū)動力和車速能在相當大的范圍內(nèi)變化，而目前廣泛采用的活塞式發(fā)動機的輸出轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)速變化范圍較小。為了適應經(jīng)常變化的行駛條件，同時使發(fā)動機在有利的工況下(功率較高、油耗較低)工作，在傳動系統(tǒng)中設置了變速器。根據(jù)自動變速器修理協(xié)會的數(shù)據(jù)，90%的自動變速箱損壞是由過熱引起的。那么這些高溫來自哪里呢？
Transmission maintenance start, idle parking, low or high speed driving, acceleration, deceleration, climbing and reversing, etc., which requires that the driving force and speed of the car can change in a considerable range, while the output torque and speed of the piston engine which is widely used at present has a small range. In order to adapt to the constantly changing driving conditions and make the engine work under favorable conditions (high power and low fuel consumption), a transmission is set in the transmission system. According to the automatic transmission repair Association, 90% of automatic transmission damage is caused by overheating. So where do these high temperatures come from?
一、變速箱工作而來
1、 The gearbox works
自動傳動的原理是自動傳動油和液體的傳動功率由液體阻力驅(qū)動。離合器一旦開始轉(zhuǎn)動，就會產(chǎn)生摩擦。摩擦通常在加載齒輪、軸承等處產(chǎn)生。因此，自動變速器在運行過程中會由于內(nèi)部部件的摩擦而產(chǎn)生大量的熱量。另外，夏季高溫不利于散熱。因此，夏季也是一個傳播問題。
The principle of automatic transmission is that the transmission power of oil and liquid is driven by liquid resistance. Once the clutch starts to turn, friction occurs. Friction usually occurs at the loading gear, bearing, etc. Therefore, the automatic transmission will produce a lot of heat due to the friction of internal components during operation. In addition, high temperature is not conducive to heat dissipation in summer. Therefore, summer is also a communication problem.
二、冷 卻器問題
2、 Cooler problem
根據(jù)實驗結(jié)果，高達150攝氏度的ATF溫度仍然在115攝氏度和132攝氏度之間，也就是說，在散熱過程中，溫度僅小于20攝氏度，這也直觀地反映了傳統(tǒng)的原始油冷 卻設備沒有明顯的效果，這對延長自動變速器的壽命沒有明顯的影響。
According to the experimental results, the ATF temperature as high as 150 ℃ is still between 115 ℃ and 132 ℃, that is to say, in the process of heat dissipation, the temperature is only less than 20 ℃, which directly reflects that the traditional original oil cooling equipment has no obvious effect, which has no obvious effect on extending the life of the automatic transmission.
三、駕駛行為引發(fā)
3、 Driving behavior triggers
在正常駕駛條件下，發(fā)動機啟動后自動變速箱油（ATF）溫度將自動升高80攝氏度。該溫度是一般ATF的正常操作溫度。但如果溫度升高，其壽命就會降低。
Under normal driving conditions, the automatic transmission fluid (ATF) temperature will automatically increase by 80 ℃ after the engine is started. This temperature is the normal operating temperature of general ATF. But if the temperature increases, its life will decrease.
有些人可能認為我們可以正常工作，但即使我們正常駕駛，許多客觀因素可能會使ATF溫度超出安 全溫度范圍，如牽引、爬升、高溫環(huán)境、持續(xù)高速駕駛、在市區(qū)停車和行走等。
Some people may think that we can work normally, but even if we drive normally, many objective factors may cause the ATF temperature to exceed the safe temperature range, such as traction, climbing, high temperature environment, continuous high-speed driving, parking and walking in urban areas, etc.
一旦發(fā)生這種情況，問題就會隨之而來。高溫會破壞atf的質(zhì)量和摩擦特性，加劇內(nèi)部部件的磨損，atf變成棕色并發(fā)出燒焦的味道，變速箱噪音隨之而來。同時，變速箱內(nèi)部也會產(chǎn)生油/雜質(zhì)。如果溫度超過120攝氏度，密封元件將開始變硬，
Once that happens, problems will follow. High temperature will destroy the quality and friction characteristics of the ATF, aggravate the wear of internal parts, make the ATF turn brown and give off the smell of scorch, and the transmission noise will follow. At the same time, there will be oil / impurities inside the transmission. If the temperature exceeds 120 ℃, the sealing element will begin to harden,
它會導致泄漏。如果溫度升高，變速箱會滑倒，打滑會導致溫度急劇上升，一些型號也會報警，進入變速箱保護模式，離合器會燒壞，整個變速箱停止運行。
It can cause leaks. If the temperature rises, the transmission will slip, and the slipping will lead to a sharp rise in temperature. Some models will alarm and enter the transmission protection mode. The clutch will burn out and the whole transmission will stop running.
