提起變速箱，對(duì)于車(chē)友來(lái)說(shuō)既熟悉又陌生，熟悉是因?yàn)閺馁I(mǎi)車(chē)時(shí)起，變速箱的好壞就作為買(mǎi)車(chē)的一個(gè)重要衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。說(shuō)道陌生是因?yàn)楹芏嗳碎_(kāi)了一輩子車(chē)都沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)變速箱長(zhǎng)什么樣子，這是因?yàn)樗驼{(diào)了，藏于汽車(chē)內(nèi)部，只是勤勤懇懇的工作罷了，那么這樣一個(gè)不會(huì)被我們輕易發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)是怎么發(fā)明的呢？在汽車(chē)上又起到什么作用呢？今天就聊聊變速箱的故事。

　　When it comes to the gearbox, it is both familiar and unfamiliar to car enthusiasts. Familiar is because since buying a car, the quality of the gearbox has been an important measure of buying a car. Speaking of unfamiliarity is because many people have driven their entire lives without ever seeing what the gearbox looks like. This is because it is too low-key, hidden inside the car, and just works diligently. So, how was such a structure that is not easily discovered by us invented? What role does it play in cars? Today we will talk about the story of the gearbox.

　　相信很多人都知道，汽車(chē)界的祖師爺卡爾?本茨在1886年發(fā)明了世界上第一輛汽車(chē)"奔馳1號(hào)"，但很多人不知道，這輛車(chē)是沒(méi)有變速器，只有主減速器，也就是說(shuō)這輛車(chē)只能前進(jìn)不能后退，也不能換檔，不管路況如何，只能一往無(wú)前。

　　Many people believe that Karl, the founder of the automotive industry, is well-known? Benz invented the world's first car, the Mercedes Benz 1, in 1886, but many people did not know that this car did not have a gearbox, only a final drive, which meant that it could only move forward, not backward, and could not shift gears. Regardless of the road conditions, it could only move forward without hesitation.

　　1889年，法國(guó)標(biāo)致發(fā)明了世界上首款汽車(chē)變速器，但是技術(shù)十分粗糙，不但操作繁瑣，而且還需要發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速配合換擋，所以對(duì)于大部分消費(fèi)者來(lái)講就是個(gè)高難度的技術(shù)活，需要專(zhuān)業(yè)人員才能操作。

　　In 1889, Peugeot of France invented the world's first automobile transmission, but the technology was very rough. It was not only cumbersome to operate, but also required the engine speed to match the gear shift. Therefore, for most consumers, it was a highly difficult technical task that required professional personnel to operate.

　　1908年，亨利福特為福特T型車(chē)裝備了2速自動(dòng)變速器，雖然簡(jiǎn)單可靠，但是它仍然算不上真正的"自動(dòng)"，因?yàn)樗枰{駛者清楚知道，變速器換擋之際，需要油門(mén)的配合才能把車(chē)輛開(kāi)得順暢。

　　In 1908, Henry Ford equipped the Ford Model T with a 2-speed automatic transmission. Although it was simple and reliable, it could not be considered truly "automatic" because it required the driver to be aware that when shifting gears, the accelerator needed to cooperate in order to drive the vehicle smoothly.

　　1940年，美國(guó)通用汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)的Hydra-Matic，是世界上第一臺(tái)真正用于大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的的全自動(dòng)變速器，這臺(tái)變速器使用液力耦合器和三排行星齒輪提供四個(gè)前進(jìn)擋和一個(gè)倒擋，Hydra-Matic最初被裝于Oldsmobile奧茲莫比爾，接著凱迪拉克和龐蒂克也采用了這種變速器。

　　In 1940, the Hydra Matic produced by General Motors in the United States was the world's first fully automatic transmission truly used for mass production. This transmission used a hydraulic coupling and three planetary gears to provide four forward gears and one reverse gear. The Hydra Matic was originally installed in the Oldsmobile, and Cadillac and Pontiac also adopted this transmission.

　　1969年，法國(guó)人在轎車(chē)上率先使用了電子控制自動(dòng)變速器，接著到20世紀(jì)80年代末，電子技術(shù)越來(lái)越成熟，越來(lái)越多的自動(dòng)變速器采用了電子控制。

　　In 1969, the French took the lead in using electronically controlled automatic transmissions in cars. Then, at the end of the 1980s, electronic technology became more and more mature, and more and more automatic transmissions used electronic control.

　　1990年，保時(shí)捷推出了Tiptronic變速器，具備了手動(dòng)/自動(dòng)可自由轉(zhuǎn)換功能，擁有手動(dòng)變速箱的駕駛樂(lè)趣和自動(dòng)變速箱的便利性，這也就是今天非常流行的手自一體變速器的鼻祖了。

　　In 1990, Porsche launched the Tiptronic transmission, which had the function of manual/automatic free switching, providing the driving pleasure of a manual transmission and the convenience of an automatic transmission. This is also the ancestor of the popular automatic transmission today.

　　在2016北美車(chē)展期間，世界上首款10擋變速箱出現(xiàn)了。這款10AT不僅僅只是一個(gè)數(shù)字而已，全部10個(gè)擋之間保持均勻的齒比間隔，換擋節(jié)奏感十分強(qiáng)，而且換擋時(shí)間僅為0.2秒，與雙離合變速器差不多，而且高速巡航的時(shí)候100km/h就能夠上到10檔。

　　During the 2016 North American Auto Show, the world's first 10 speed gearbox was introduced. This 10AT is not just a number, it maintains a uniform gear ratio between all 10 gears, with a strong shifting rhythm. The shifting time is only 0.2 seconds, similar to a dual clutch transmission, and it can reach 10 gears at 100km/h during high-speed cruising.

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