自動變速箱常見的故障有：汽車不能行駛、自動變速器打滑、換檔沖擊、升檔過遲、不能升檔、頻繁跳檔、不能強制降檔、掛檔后發(fā)動機熄火、無超速檔、無前進檔、無鎖止、無倒檔和自動變速器異響等。導致自動變速器故障的原因很多，診斷時必須認真分析，切不可盲目拆修。
Common faults of automatic gearbox include: car can not drive, automatic transmission skidding, shift impact, too late upgrade, no upgrade, frequent jump, no forced downshift, engine flameout after shift, no overspeed, no forward gear, no lock, no reverse gear and abnormal sound of automatic transmission, etc. There are many reasons leading to the failure of automatic transmission. We must carefully analyze them when diagnosing, and we must not blindly disassemble and repair them.
汽車不能行駛的故障診斷
Fault Diagnosis of Vehicle Failure
故障現(xiàn)象
Fault phenomenon
無論操縱手柄位于倒檔或前進檔，汽車都不能行駛；汽車起動后只能行駛一段路程，熱車后就不能行駛。
Whether the control handle is in reverse or forward gear, the car can not drive; after starting, the car can only travel a certain distance, but not after the hot car.
故障原因
Cause of failure
?、贀Q檔操縱手柄及手動閥滑搖臂之間的連桿或拉鎖松脫，使手動滑閥保持在空檔或停車位置。
(1) The rod or the pull lock between the shift control handle and the sliding arm of the manual valve is loosened to keep the manual sliding valve in neutral or parking position.
?、谧詣幼兯倨饔偷讱け蛔矇?，自動變速器漏油使液面過低。
(2) The oil pan of the automatic transmission is damaged, and the oil leakage of the automatic transmission causes the liquid level to be too low.
?、塾捅眠M油濾網(wǎng)堵塞或油泵損壞。
(3) Blockage of oil filter screen or damage of oil pump.
④主油路嚴重損壞。
The main oil pipeline was seriously damaged.
故障診斷與排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
汽車不能行駛時，首先檢查換檔操縱手柄及手動閥滑搖臂之間的連桿或拉鎖是否松脫，位置是否合適。
When the car can not drive, first check whether the link or the pull lock between the shift control handle and the sliding arm of the manual valve is loose and the position is appropriate.
檢查自動變速器的液面高度，若過低應查找漏油原因及部位，及時修補和補充油液。
Check the liquid level height of automatic transmission. If it is too low, the cause and location of oil leakage should be found, and the oil should be repaired and replenished in time.
檢查主油路油壓，若油壓過低應進一步檢查輸入軸、輸出軸和行星齒輪機構，損壞部位應進行修理或更換。
Check the oil pressure of main oil pipeline. If the oil pressure is too low, the input shaft, output shaft and planetary gear mechanism should be further checked. The damaged parts should be repaired or replaced.
檢查油泵進油濾網(wǎng)是否堵塞，必要時進行清理或更換。
Check whether the oil filter of the oil pump is blocked and clean up or replace it if necessary.
檢查油泵是否損壞，若油泵損壞，應修理或更換。
Check whether the oil pump is damaged. If the oil pump is damaged, it should be repaired or replaced.
自動變速器打滑故障
Slipping fault of automatic transmission
故障現(xiàn)象
Fault phenomenon
變速器打滑造成驅動無力，當汽車起步時踩下加速踏板，發(fā)動機的轉速很快升高，但車速升高緩慢；行駛中踩油門加速時，車速不能隨發(fā)動機轉速上升而迅速提高；汽車在平坦道路上行駛時基本正常，但上坡無力，且發(fā)動機轉速異常高。
The speed of the engine increases rapidly when the vehicle starts, but the speed increases slowly when the accelerator is pushed down; when the accelerator is accelerated during driving, the speed of the vehicle can not increase rapidly with the speed of the engine; when the vehicle is running on a flat road, it is basically normal, but it is weak on the uphill, and the speed of the engine is abnormally high.
故障原因
Cause of failure
?、僮詣幼兯傧渎┯褪挂好嫣?。
The leakage of oil in the automatic transmission makes the liquid level too low.
②自動變速箱油面太高，運轉中被行星齒輪機構劇烈攪動后產(chǎn)生大量氣泡。
(2) The oil level of the automatic transmission is too high, and a large number of bubbles are produced when it is agitated by the planetary gear mechanism in operation.
③離合器、制動器摩擦片、制動帶磨損過甚或燒焦。
(3) Clutches, brake friction pads and brake belts are worn out or even burnt.
④油泵磨損過甚或主油路泄露，造成供油壓力過低。
(4) The abrasion of the oil pump or even the leakage of the main oil pipeline results in the low pressure of the oil supply.
?、輪蜗螂x合器打滑。
_One-way clutch skidding.
?、揠x合器或制動器活塞密封圈損壞，導致漏油。
_Clutch or brake piston seal ring damage, resulting in oil leakage.
故障診斷與排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
①確保自動變速器油面高度符合規(guī)定。
(1) Ensure that the oil level of automatic transmission meets the requirements.
?、谧詣幼兯倨饔鸵喝粲写罅繗馀荩瑒t是因油壓油溫過高，行車中應停車降溫或拆檢變速器。
(2) If there are a lot of bubbles in the oil of automatic transmission, the temperature of oil pressure is too high, and the transmission should be stopped to cool down or disassembled and inspected.
?、蹤z查離合器、制動器摩擦片、制動帶磨損情況，若磨損嚴重、變形或燒焦，應及時修理或更換。
(3) Check the wear of clutch, brake friction pad and brake belt. If the wear is serious, deformed or burnt, it should be repaired or replaced in time.
?、軝z查單向離合器是否打滑，若打滑應拆開檢查滾柱或內(nèi)外齒圈。
(4) Check whether the one-way clutch is slippery or not. If slippery, the roller or the inner and outer gear rings should be dismantled and checked.
?、輽z查離合器或制動器活塞密封圈情況，若漏油應更換密封圈。
Check the seal ring of clutch or brake piston, and replace the seal ring if oil leaks.
自動變速箱換檔沖擊過大
Over-impact of automatic gearbox shift
故障現(xiàn)象
Fault phenomenon
在汽車起步時，由停車檔或空檔掛入前進檔或倒檔時，汽車自動變速器的動作不良，并產(chǎn)生很大的沖擊震動；在汽車行駛過程時，自動變速器換檔過程中出現(xiàn)較大的沖擊現(xiàn)象。
When the car starts, when the parking gear or neutral gear is put into the forward gear or reverse gear, the automatic transmission of the car does not perform well and produces a great shock and vibration; when the car is running, the automatic transmission has a large impact in the process of shifting.
故障原因
Cause of failure
?、侔l(fā)動機怠速過高。
The idle speed of engine is too high.
②節(jié)氣門拉索或節(jié)氣門位置傳感器調整不當，或主油路調壓電磁閥有故障，使主油路壓力過大，液壓系統(tǒng)工作不良。
(2) Improper adjustment of throttle cable or throttle position sensor, or faulty main oil circuit voltage regulating solenoid valve, which causes excessive pressure in main oil circuit and poor operation of hydraulic system.
③變速器與發(fā)動機的支承膠墊磨損，連接螺栓松動，傳動系的間隙過大或松曠。
(3) The bearing rubber pad of transmission and engine is worn, the connecting bolt is loose, and the clearance of transmission system is too large or loose.
④蓄壓器故障及作用在蓄壓器背部的減振緩沖油壓不正常。
(4) The fault of accumulator and the abnormal oil pressure of shock absorber and buffer on the back of accumulator.
⑤換檔執(zhí)行元件如制動器或離合器的摩擦元件的工作間隙不正常；單向離合器打滑或鎖止不良而出現(xiàn)運動干涉；換檔前的離合器或制動器的分離時間過長或分離不徹底等。
The working clearance of gear shifting actuators such as brakes or friction elements of clutches is abnormal; one-way clutch slips or locks badly, resulting in motion interference; long separation time or incomplete separation of clutches or brakes before gear shifting.
?、拮詣幼兯倨鞯膿Q檔點不正確。
The shift point of automatic transmission is incorrect.
⑦油壓電磁閥不工作。
_Oil piezoelectric solenoid valve does not work.
?、嚯娍夭糠止收?。
_Faults in the electronic control part.
故障診斷與排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
首先檢查自動變速器怠速，若過高應進行調整。
First check the idle speed of automatic transmission, if it is too high, it should be adjusted.
檢查節(jié)氣門拉索或節(jié)氣門位置傳感器，若不當應進行調整。
Check the throttle cable or throttle position sensor, if not properly adjusted.
檢查主油路油壓，若主油路壓力過大或液壓系統(tǒng)工作不良，應拆開調壓閥修理。
Check the main oil pressure. If the main oil pressure is too high or the hydraulic system is not working properly, the pressure regulating valve should be removed and repaired.
檢查自動變速器各調整部位是否合適，控制電磁閥、換檔執(zhí)行元件及電子控制系統(tǒng)是否有損壞、斷路及短路故障，若有故障應及時進行排除。
Check whether the adjusting parts of automatic transmission are suitable, control electromagnetic valve, shift actuator and electronic control system are damaged, circuit break and short-circuit fault, if there are faults, it should be eliminated in time.
自動變速箱異響故障
Abnormal sound fault of automatic transmission
故障現(xiàn)象
Fault phenomenon
在汽車行駛時，自動變速器內(nèi)始終有異響，而停車掛空檔后異響消失。
When a car is running, there is always abnormal noise in the automatic transmission, and the abnormal noise disappears after parking and idling.
故障原因
Cause of failure
①油泵磨損過度，自動變速器油面過高、過低。
The oil pump wears excessively, and the oil level of automatic transmission is too high and too low.
?、谝毫ψ兙仄鞯逆i止離合器、導輪及單向離合器等損壞。
(2) Damage of lock clutch, guide wheel and one-way clutch of hydraulic torque converter.
?、坌行驱X輪機構有故障。
(3) Faults in planetary gear mechanism.
?、軗Q檔執(zhí)行元件異響。
(4) abnormal noise of shift actuator.
故障診斷與排除
Fault Diagnosis and Elimination
自動變速箱的異響主要發(fā)生在機械和液壓兩個系統(tǒng)上。異響聲源主要有：齒輪機構、軸承、油泵、摩擦片、主減速器及液力變矩器液流噪聲等。診斷時首先應確定異響聲源的部位，再進行相關零部件的故障排除。
The abnormal noise of automatic transmission mainly occurs in mechanical and hydraulic systems. The main noise sources are gear mechanism, bearing, oil pump, friction plate, main reducer and hydraulic torque converter. When diagnosing, the location of abnormal sound source should be determined first, and then the troubleshooting of relevant parts should be carried out.
?、偈紫葯z查自動變速器油液面高度，若過高或過低應進行調整。
First check the oil level height of automatic transmission, if it is too high or too low, it should be adjusted.
?、诖_定異響部位，若前部異響，則油泵、液力變矩器、鎖止離合器、導輪及單向離合器等有故障，應拆開進行修理。
If the front part is abnormal, the oil pump, hydraulic torque converter, lock clutch, guide wheel and one-way clutch should be dismantled and repaired.
?、廴艉蟛慨愴?，則行星齒輪機構有故障，應拆開進行修理。
(3) If the rear part is abnormal, the planetary gear mechanism should be dismantled and repaired.
④若換檔時有異響，則換檔操縱機構、離合器和制動帶等換檔執(zhí)行元件有故障，應拆開進行修理。
If there is abnormal noise when shifting, the shifting actuators, such as shifting control mechanism, clutch and brake belt, should be dismantled and repaired.
