At present, many car owners have developed a lack of attention to the daily maintenance of vehicles, and when problems arise, they can get repair shop or 4S shop for repair. The cost of car maintenance increases, but also consumes a lot of time and energy of car owners. In fact, many minor defects can be avoided by the owners'daily maintenance.

　　◆ 1.汽車啟動時(shí)，發(fā)動機(jī)點(diǎn)不著火

　　_1. When the car starts, the engine does not ignite.

　　原因：發(fā)動機(jī)的啟動是靠電瓶的電流推動火花塞點(diǎn)火完成的，造成發(fā)動機(jī)突然點(diǎn)不起火可能會有以下兩個(gè)原因，首先很可能是由于電瓶生銹或者電瓶滴漏所造成，其次就是下雨天發(fā)動機(jī)火花塞受潮引起的。

　　Reasons: The engine start-up is driven by the current of the battery to ignite the spark plug. There may be two reasons for the sudden ignition of the engine. First, it may be caused by the rust of the battery or the leakage of the battery. Second, it is caused by the dampness of the spark plug on rainy days.

　　保養(yǎng)方法：每一兩個(gè)月要查看電瓶內(nèi)的電瓶液是否充足。觀察時(shí)如果液面位于上下2條刻線之間則認(rèn)為合適。同時(shí)也應(yīng)該檢查各槽的液面差。如果液面不足，可以擰下蓄電池上面的蓋子，倒入蒸餾水補(bǔ)足液面。隨后還要檢查蓄電池的接線端子，使用鐵刷子刷除接線端子上的積污。如果接線卡箍嚴(yán)重污損，可以用砂紙順著內(nèi)壁擦動，磨掉污物。如果是火花塞受潮，可將其拿出，用打火機(jī)進(jìn)行烘烤，以便盡快地使其上面的水分蒸發(fā)。

　　Maintenance: Check the battery fluid in the battery every month or two. It is considered appropriate to observe the liquid level between the upper and lower lines. At the same time, the liquid level difference of each tank should be checked. If the liquid level is insufficient, you can unscrew the lid on the battery and pour distilled water to make up the liquid level. Then check the terminal of the battery and brush the terminal with an iron brush. If the wiring clamp is seriously contaminated, you can use sandpaper to rub along the inner wall to remove the contamination. If the spark plug is damp, it can be taken out and baked with a lighter to evaporate the water on it as soon as possible.

　　◆ 2.汽車排氣噪音增加廢氣排放量增加超標(biāo)

　　_2. Increase in exhaust noise of automobiles

　　原因：出現(xiàn)這種原因，可能是由于發(fā)動機(jī)的廢氣經(jīng)高溫發(fā)生氧化作用，導(dǎo)致排氣系統(tǒng)泄漏。

　　Reason: This may be due to the oxidation of engine exhaust gas at high temperature, resulting in leakage of exhaust system.

　　保養(yǎng)方法：定期檢查排氣系統(tǒng)的管路、接口處(特別是消音器等)是否被廢氣腐蝕，接口墊有沒有被沖壞。若發(fā)現(xiàn)排氣系統(tǒng)泄漏應(yīng)及時(shí)到汽車修理廠進(jìn)行修理或更換泄漏的部件。每年檢查一次不僅可以保證排氣系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，更重要的是減少尾氣中有害物質(zhì)對環(huán)境的污染。

　　Maintenance method: Check regularly whether the pipeline and interface of exhaust system (especially muffler) are corroded by exhaust gas, and whether the interface pad is washed out. If the leakage of the exhaust system is found, it should be repaired or replaced at the garage in time. Annual inspection can not only ensure the normal operation of the exhaust system, but also reduce the environmental pollution caused by harmful substances in the exhaust gas.

　　◆ 3.汽車油耗莫名增加

　　_3. Increased fuel consumption in automobiles

　　原因：油耗增加的原因很多。但較常見又容易被車主忽略的是對輪胎氣壓的檢查。輪胎胎壓不足不僅會導(dǎo)致行駛阻力增加，造成油耗上升，還會影響輪胎的使用壽命。

　　Reasons: There are many reasons for the increase in fuel consumption. But the most common and easily overlooked by car owners is the tire pressure inspection. Insufficient tire pressure will not only increase driving resistance and fuel consumption, but also affect the service life of tires.

　　保養(yǎng)方法：在開車時(shí)，多留意一下各個(gè)車胎是否有氣，并定期檢查輪胎氣壓。當(dāng)然切記不要忘記備胎的檢查，以免急需更換輪胎時(shí)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)備胎已經(jīng)沒氣了。氣溫高時(shí)胎壓會比平時(shí)高一些，因此在冷天或陰涼處測量胎壓比較準(zhǔn)確。時(shí)常輪胎每行駛1萬公里要互換位置，避免前后磨損程度相差太大。如果需要更換磨損嚴(yán)重的輪胎，較好兩個(gè)或4個(gè)一起換，紋路相同的輪胎可以前后交叉更換。另外，折線花紋的輪胎有助于節(jié)省燃油。

　　Maintenance method: When driving, pay more attention to whether each tire is air, and check tire pressure regularly. Of course, don't forget to check the spare tire, so as not to find that the spare tire is out of gas when the tire needs to be replaced urgently. When the temperature is high, the tire pressure will be higher than usual, so it is more accurate to measure the tire pressure in cold or cool weather. Often the tires should be changed positions for every 10,000 kilometers to avoid too much difference in wear between front and back. If you need to replace worn tyres, it's better to replace two or four tyres together. Tires with the same grain can be replaced cross-wise. In addition, broken-line tyres help save fuel.

　　◆ 4.汽車發(fā)動機(jī)性能明顯下降伴隨油耗增加

　　_4. The performance of automotive engine decreases obviously with the increase of fuel consumption.

　　原因：這很可能是由于長時(shí)間未更換機(jī)油、機(jī)油濾清器、空氣濾清器和汽油濾清器造成了油料燃燒不充分、發(fā)動機(jī)積碳增多等問題引起的。

　　Reasons: This may be due to long-term non-replacement of oil, oil filters, air filters and gasoline filters resulting in inadequate fuel combustion, engine carbon deposition and other problems.

　　保養(yǎng)方法：機(jī)油、機(jī)油濾清器，每行駛約5000公里就要更換一次，而空氣濾清器和汽油濾清器每行駛1萬公里時(shí)需要進(jìn)行更換，否則空氣、燃油和機(jī)油中的雜質(zhì)會造成零件磨損和堵塞油路，從而影響發(fā)動機(jī)正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

　　Maintenance methods: Oil and oil filters should be replaced once every 5,000 kilometers, while air filters and gasoline filters need to be replaced every 10,000 kilometers. Otherwise, impurities in air, fuel and oil will cause wear and clogging of parts, thus affecting the normal operation of the engine.

　　◆ 5.汽車油泵損壞

　　_5. Damage of automobile oil pump

　　原因：加油時(shí)的不合理行為有可能造成油泵損壞。

　　Reason: Irrational behavior during refueling may cause damage to the oil pump.

　　保養(yǎng)方法：車主在給汽車加油時(shí)，盡量不要等燃油報(bào)警燈亮了再加油，這樣做是會縮短油泵的使用壽命，存油太少或燃油耗盡都可能會燒毀油泵。如果常行駛于市區(qū)且加油比較方便則不必一次加滿，因?yàn)檫@樣可能會導(dǎo)致油浮及傳感器失靈、油表失真并增加油耗，所以建議車主在燃油消耗差不多的時(shí)候就要加油。

　　Maintenance method: When the car owner refuels the car, try not to wait for the fuel alarm lamp to turn on, which will shorten the service life of the pump. Too little oil or fuel depletion may burn the pump. It is not necessary to fill up the car at once if it is often in the urban area and it is convenient to refuel, because it may cause oil float and sensor failure, oil meter distortion and increase fuel consumption. Therefore, it is suggested that the car owners should refuel when the fuel consumption is about the same.
                           

　　◆ 6.蓄電池不穩(wěn)定

　　_6. Battery instability

　　原因：電解液的非正常變化會影響蓄電池的性能和可靠性。

　　Reason: The abnormal change of electrolyte will affect the performance and reliability of battery.

　　保養(yǎng)方法：夏季行車，蓄電池會出現(xiàn)過充現(xiàn)象，電解液蒸發(fā)快，極板易損壞。因此，需要經(jīng)常檢查蓄電池的液面高度和電解液比重(電解液比重較冬季應(yīng)小些)，要經(jīng)常向蓄電池加注蒸餾水；冬季盡量避免蓄電池完全放電，并注意電解液是否凍結(jié)。

　　Maintenance method: When driving in summer, the battery will be overcharged, the electrolyte will evaporate quickly and the plate will be damaged easily. Therefore, it is necessary to check the height of the liquid level and the specific gravity of the electrolyte (the specific gravity of the electrolyte should be smaller than that in winter), and add distilled water to the battery frequently; avoid the complete discharge of the battery in winter, and pay attention to whether the electrolyte is frozen.

　　◆ 7雨刮刮洗玻璃效果不佳

　　_7 The effect of wiping glass is not good

　　原因：雨刮片出現(xiàn)破損，會造成刮洗的不干凈。

　　Cause: The wiper blade is damaged, which will cause the scraping and washing not clean.

　　保養(yǎng)方法：首先車主需要改正干刮的不良習(xí)慣，較好是先噴點(diǎn)水再開雨刮，這樣有利于保護(hù)雨刮片。其次，雨刮有時(shí)候會發(fā)出咯咯的響聲，這個(gè)時(shí)候如果雨刮片是完整的，那么車主較好到4S店進(jìn)行雨刮角度的校正。較后，如果車輛長期停放，車主可以找泡沫條或者木條之類的小東西，墊在雨刮下，使雨刮片與擋風(fēng)玻璃相互分離，這樣可以延長雨刮的使用壽命

　　Maintenance method: First of all, the owner needs to correct the bad habit of dry wiping. It is better to spray some water first and then open the wiper, which is conducive to the protection of wiper blades. Secondly, wipers sometimes make cackling noises. At this time, if the wiper blade is complete, then the owner had better correct the wiper angle to 4S shop. Finally, if the vehicle is put off for a long time, the owner can find small items such as foam sticks or wooden sticks, and pad them under the rain to separate the wiper blades from the windshields, thus prolonging the service life of the wipers.